Understanding Scalp Acne

Scalp acne, though less visible than facial or body acne, can be equally frustrating and painful. It manifests as small pimples, either whiteheads or blackheads, that can occur on the scalp. In more severe cases, these pimples may become inflamed, leading to cysts or nodules. The condition can be itchy, tender, and cause discomfort when brushing or styling hair.

According to dermatologists, scalp acne is fairly common, affecting nearly 10% of the adult population, with adolescents being more prone to it due to hormonal fluctuations. It is crucial to understand its causes, symptoms, and treatment options because untreated scalp acne can lead to scarring, hair loss, and chronic discomfort. Moreover, a healthy scalp is critical for maintaining strong, vibrant hair, making scalp care just as important as skincare.

Many individuals experiencing scalp acne struggle with self-esteem issues, particularly when acne spreads to the hairline. In addition to discomfort, it can cause individuals to feel embarrassed about their appearance, highlighting the need for proper management and treatment. This blog post aims to help those suffering from scalp acne by outlining its primary causes and offering actionable steps for treatment and prevention.

 

Key Takeaways

• Causes of scalp acne: Scalp acne can result from excess oil production, hormonal changes, poor hygiene, certain hair products, environmental factors, and underlying medical conditions.

• Treatments: Over-the-counter treatments like medicated shampoos, prescription medications, and natural remedies can be effective in treating scalp acne.

• Prevention: Maintaining a healthy scalp through proper hygiene, diet, and stress management can prevent scalp acne from recurring.

• Dermatologist care: For persistent or severe cases, consulting a dermatologist is essential for personalized treatment plans and preventing long-term damage.

  
  

What Causes Scalp Acne?

Scalp acne shares many similarities with acne that occurs on the face or body, but the hair follicles on the scalp and the products used on them can create unique challenges. Understanding the underlying causes of scalp acne is the first step toward effective management.

 

Common Causes

1. Excess Oil Production

Excessive oil production by sebaceous glands is one of the primary causes of scalp acne. Sebum, the natural oil secreted by these glands, helps keep the scalp moisturized. However, when too much sebum is produced, it can mix with dead skin cells and clog hair follicles, leading to acne.

"Those with dandruff tend to have excess oil and sebaceous activity in the scalp," he says. "They also may be more prone to acne breakouts." Carlos A. Charles, MD, is a board-certified dermatologist in New York City. (source) 

2. Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations during adolescence, pregnancy, or menstrual cycles can cause scalp acne by triggering increased oil production. Androgens, hormones that increase during puberty, can stimulate sebaceous glands and lead to acne flare-ups.

3. Poor Scalp Hygiene

Infrequent washing of the hair can lead to the build-up of sweat, dirt, and product residue on the scalp. This can clog hair follicles and cause inflammation. It's important to maintain a consistent hair-washing routine to avoid these buildups.

4. Stress and Diet

Stress is another significant factor. When stress levels rise, the body produces more cortisol, which can exacerbate acne. Additionally, a diet high in sugar and processed foods may contribute to inflammation and acne. A study published in The Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology found that high-glycemic diets are linked to increased acne severity.

 

External Factors

1. Hair Products

Many hair products, including gels, sprays, and heavy conditioners, can clog hair follicles, especially if not washed out properly. Products with irritating ingredients such as fragrance or essential oils can lead to inflammation and make scalp acne worse.

2. Environmental Factors

Environmental pollutants, such as dirt and sweat from humid climates, can contribute to clogged pores on the scalp. In areas with high humidity, sweat can mix with excess oils and bacteria, increasing the likelihood of scalp acne.

 

Medical Conditions

1. Skin Conditions

Chronic skin conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis can worsen scalp acne. Seborrheic dermatitis, for example, causes an excess of oil on the scalp, which can lead to pimples.

2. Infections

In some cases, scalp acne may be confused with infections, such as folliculitis. Although these conditions can look similar, they have distinct causes and characteristics.

Folliculitis is an infection of the hair follicles, often caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, or in some cases, fungi. It presents as small, red bumps or pustules around hair follicles, which can be itchy or painful. Folliculitis usually arises from an infection or irritation due to shaving, friction from hats or helmets, or the use of contaminated water.

Scalp acne, on the other hand, is primarily caused by clogged pores due to excess oil, dead skin cells, and the overgrowth of Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes), the bacteria responsible for most acne forms. Unlike folliculitis, scalp acne is directly tied to the same factors that cause facial or body acne, such as hormonal imbalances and excess oil production.

Treatment for folliculitis may involve antibiotics or antifungal medication, whereas scalp acne often responds to acne-specific treatments like salicylic acid and medicated shampoos.

Understanding this distinction is critical for choosing the right treatment strategy and preventing further irritation or infection.

 

Folliculitis on the stomach

 

Does Vitamin D Toxicity Cause Scalp Acne?

While scalp acne has various well-known triggers, there has been some discussion around the potential role of vitamin D toxicity in causing acne.

Understanding Vitamin D Toxicity

Vitamin D toxicity, also known as hypervitaminosis D, occurs when there is an excess of vitamin D in the body, often due to over-supplementation. Symptoms include hypercalcemia (elevated calcium levels), nausea, and weakness. Some experts suggest that hypercalcemia may affect skin health, possibly leading to acne.

Research Insights

While there is no concrete evidence directly linking vitamin D toxicity to scalp acne, some studies suggest that both low and high levels of vitamin D can impact skin health. A 2015 study in The Journal of Advanced Research highlights vitamin D’s role in maintaining skin health. However, more research is needed to understand the exact relationship between vitamin D toxicity and scalp acne.

Practical Recommendations

To avoid vitamin D toxicity, it is recommended to stick to the daily intake guidelines: 600 to 800 IU per day for most adults. Those concerned about their vitamin D levels should get regular blood tests to monitor their levels and adjust supplement intake as necessary.

 

How to Treat Scalp Acne?

Treating scalp acne requires a combination of topical and, in some cases, oral medications. The severity of the condition will dictate the treatment approach.

 

Over-the-Counter Treatments

1. Anti-Dandruff Shampoos: Shampoos containing ingredients like zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, and ketoconazole are effective in managing scalp acne. These ingredients work by reducing the yeast that causes dandruff and clearing clogged pores. If you don’t want a medicated shampoo, try The Better Scalp Company’s Sensitive Scalp Shampoo. It is a gentle, irritant-free shampoo that’s very effective at keeping the scalp clean.

2. Salicylic Acid and Benzoyl Peroxide: These two ingredients are commonly found in acne treatments. Salicylic acid works by exfoliating the scalp and removing dead skin cells, while benzoyl peroxide kills acne-causing bacteria. You can find salicylic acid in shampoos, and benzoyl peroxide usually comes in a gel or cream that you can apply directly to your scalp.

Prescription Medications

1. Topical Antibiotics and Retinoids: Clindamycin and tretinoin are common topical treatments that reduce inflammation and prevent new acne lesions from forming.

2. Oral Medications: In more severe cases, dermatologists may prescribe oral antibiotics or isotretinoin, which helps reduce oil production and inflammation.

Natural Remedies

For those seeking gentler, more natural approaches to treating scalp acne, there are a few effective options that can soothe the scalp and reduce inflammation without harsh chemicals. While these remedies may not work as quickly as prescription medications or over-the-counter treatments, they offer a beneficial alternative, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.

Aloe Vera

Aloe vera is widely known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great option for calming an irritated scalp. It helps to reduce redness, itching, and discomfort caused by scalp acne while promoting healing. Applying pure aloe vera gel directly to the scalp can provide relief from flare-ups and assist in the recovery process.

To use aloe vera, apply a thin layer of the gel directly onto the affected areas of the scalp after washing your hair, leave it on for 20 to 30 minutes, and then rinse thoroughly. Repeat this process a few times a week for the best results.

Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is another natural remedy that can help with scalp acne due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Its acidic nature helps restore the scalp’s natural pH balance and can remove excess oil, which often contributes to acne.

To use ACV, dilute it with water (one part vinegar to four parts water) and use it as a rinse after shampooing. Massage it into your scalp and leave it on for a few minutes before rinsing thoroughly. ACV can also help remove product build-up from styling products, which can further clog pores and aggravate acne.

Zinc Supplements

Zinc is a powerful anti-inflammatory mineral that is known to reduce acne, including on the scalp. It works by reducing sebum production and has antimicrobial properties that can fight the bacteria associated with acne. While topical zinc treatments are available, taking zinc as an oral supplement may also help balance your skin from the inside out, although study results have been inconclusive.

If you're considering adding zinc supplements to your routine, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate dosage and ensure it's safe for your individual needs.

These natural remedies can be incorporated into your regular scalp care routine to help manage scalp acne. However, for persistent or severe cases, it's always best to consult with a dermatologist to ensure you're receiving the most effective treatment for your condition.

 

Prevention Tips for Scalp Acne

Preventing scalp acne requires consistent care and attention to hair and scalp health. 

Daily Care Routine

• Use gentle, fragrance-free shampoos like The Better Scalp Company’s Sensitive Scalp Shampoo to maintain a clean scalp without stripping essential scalp oils.

• Avoid excessive use of styling products that can clog pores. Use gentle, fragrance-free products to reduce the likelihood of scalp irritation.

Regular Scalp Treatments

• Exfoliate the scalp once a week to remove dead skin cells and promote healthy hair follicles. Putting glycolic acid on your scalp before washing your hair is a great way to easily exfoliate your scalp. 

• Scalp massages can improve blood circulation and support overall scalp health. Use your fingers, or a scalp massager to massage your scalp three times per week.

 

 

Healthy Lifestyle Changes

A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, combined with regular exercise and proper hydration, will help keep your scalp acne-free. Omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants are particularly beneficial for skin health.

 

Conclusion

Scalp acne is more than just an inconvenience—it can affect your self-esteem and overall scalp health. Understanding the causes and implementing targeted treatments are essential steps in maintaining a healthy scalp. By following a holistic approach that includes the right products, lifestyle changes, and professional care, you can achieve lasting relief from scalp acne. For those dealing with chronic or severe cases, consulting with a dermatologist will ensure proper treatment and prevent long-term damage.

Remember, a healthy scalp is the foundation of beautiful hair, so take action today by integrating the tips and products mentioned in this article into your hair care routine.

 

What Causes Scalp Acne: Frequently Asked Questions

Can scalp acne lead to hair loss?

Yes, severe or untreated scalp acne can cause inflammation around hair follicles, leading to temporary hair loss in some cases.

Are there any long-term effects of untreated scalp acne?

Untreated scalp acne can lead to scarring, chronic inflammation, and potentially permanent hair thinning or bald patches.

How quickly can treatments show results?

Most treatments, such as medicated shampoos or topical treatments, can start showing results within 2 to 4 weeks, but consistent use is required for full improvement.

Are there any side effects of using anti-acne shampoos?

Anti-acne shampoos may cause dryness, irritation, or increased sensitivity in some individuals, especially if they contain strong active ingredients like salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide.

 

Read our other blog articles:

Are Natural Products Better for You? You'll be Surprised.
The Top 100 Skin Allergens: A Guide to Sensitive Scalp Care
Eczema On Head Under Hair: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Is Fragrance in Shampoo Bad: Benefits and Concerns
What is the Cause of a Sensitive Scalp & How to Treat It Naturally
Why Do I Have Dandruff All of a Sudden and How to Get Rid of Them
How to Naturally Calm and Avoid an Itchy Scalp: Effective Herbal Remedies and Care Tips